Skip to main content

Table 1 Participant, PICC insertion and treatment characteristics at randomisation*

From: Central venous Access device SeCurement And Dressing Effectiveness for peripherally inserted central catheters in adult acute hospital patients (CASCADE): a pilot randomised controlled trial

 

Group 1

SPU + SSD+ CHG

Group 2

PAL+ CHG + Tape

Group 3

CSD+ CHG

Group 4

TA + SPU

At recruitment (N = 124)

(n = 40)

(n = 5)

(n = 43)

(n = 36)

Age (years)a

56 (16)

63 (20)

57 (15)

54 (18)

Sex (male)

25 (62)

2 (40)

27 (63)

25 (69)

Overweight/obese (n = 102)

20 (62)

2 (50)

21 (58)

16 (53)

Skin integrity:

 - good

13 (32)

1 (20)

13 (30)

14 (39)

 - fair

21 (52)

3 (60)

26 (60)

18 (50)

 - poor

6 (15)

1 (20)

4 (9)

4 (11)

Skin type (white)

32 (80)

3 (60)

30 (70)

26 (72)

Comorbidities

31 (78)

4 (80)

32 (74)

21 (58)

 - none

3 (8)

1 (20)

4 (9)

5 (14)

 - one

6 (15)

0 (0)

7 (16)

10 (28)

 - two

6 (15)

1 (20)

7 (16)

5 (14)

 - three

6 (15)

1 (20)

6 (14)

2 (6)

 - four or more

19 (48)

2 (40)

19 (44)

14 (39)

Diagnosis:

 - medical

10 (25)

1 (20)

14 (33)

10 (28)

 - surgical emergency

9 (22)

2 (40)

11 (26)

8 (22)

 - surgical elective

8 (20)

0 (0)

6 (14)

8 (22)

 - haematology

4 (10)

1 (20)

4 (9)

7 (19)

 - oncology

5 (12)

1 (20)

3 (7)

3 (8)

 - surgical oncology

4 (10)

0 (0)

5 (12)

0 (0)

Leucocytes lowb

1 (2)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Infection (any)

23 (58)

4 (80)

24 (56)

20 (56)

Antibiotic therapy:

31 (78)

5 (100)

30 (70)

28 (78)

 - intravenous

31 (78)

3 (60)

29 (67)

27 (75)

 - oral

1 (2)

3 (60)

8 (19)

4 (11)

At PICC insertion (N = 121)

(n = 39)

(n = 5)

(n = 42)

(n = 35)

PICC type (n = 120):

 - basilic

35 (92)

5 (100)

34 (81)

33 (94)

 - brachial

2 (5)

0 (0)

5 (12)

1 (3)

 - cephalic

1 (3)

0 (0)

3 (7)

1 (3)

Subsequent insertion

11 (28)

0 (0)

12 (29)

8 (23)

Inserted by:

 - nurse

36 (92)

5 (100)

35 (83)

31 (89)

 - radiographer

3 (8)

0 (0)

7 (17)

3 (9)

 - doctor

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (3)

Insertion method:

 - ultrasound

27 (69)

5 (100)

32 (76)

22 (63)

 - ultrasound, fluoroscopy

12 (31)

0 (0)

10 (24)

13 (37)

Multiple insertion attempts

5 (13)

1 (20)

3 (7)

5 (14)

Hair, before insertion:

4 (10)

0 (0)

10 (24)

8 (23)

 - if yes, clippedc

2

-

1

2

Inserted on dominant side

20 (51)

3 (60)

22 (52)

19 (54)

Number of lumens (two)d

27 (69)

1 (20)

31 (74)

23 (66)

Treatment (N = 121)

(n = 39)

(n = 5)

(n = 42)

(n = 35)

IV fluids/medicationse:

 - fluid continuous

29 (74)

4 (80)

31 (74)

31 (89)

 - normal saline flush

11 (28)

2 (40)

5 (12)

3 (9)

 - chemotherapy

3 (8)

1 (20)

3 (7)

6 (17)

 - PN (non-lipid)

6 (15)

0 (0)

8 (19)

5 (14)

 - lipids

7 (18)

0 (0)

6 (14)

4 (11)

 - blood products

11 (28)

2 (40)

7 (17)

8 (23)

 - antibiotics

31 (79)

2 (40)

28 (67)

29 (83)

 - heparin, continuous

5 (13)

0 (0)

2 (5)

5 (14)

Patient confused/agitated/drowsy (n = 119)f

1 (3)

0 (0)

6 (15)

4 (12)

Ventilated/intubated (n = 119)f

1 (3)

0 (0)

1 (2)

0 (0)

Independently mobile (n = 119)f

22 (56)

3 (60)

25 (61)

21 (62)

Other VAD in situf

2 (5)

0 (0)

9 (21)

9 (26)

  1. *Data presented on 124 randomised patients and 121 inserted peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs); number (percentage) shown unless otherwise noted. Frequencies may not add up to group size (and frequencies to 100%) due to missing data
  2. SPU simple polyurethane dressing, SSD sutureless securement device, CHG chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated discs, PAL polyurethane with absorbent lattice pad dressing, CSD combination securement dressing, TA tissue adhesive, VAD vascular access device, PN parenteral nutrition
  3. aMean (standard deviation) shown
  4. bAbsolute value <1000 per microlitre
  5. cFrequencies shown only
  6. dOther categories omitted
  7. eReceived at any time during the study period
  8. fAt device removal
Back to article page

Trials

ISSN: 1745-6215