Table 1 Operational definitions for six dimensions of data quality, adapted from Brown W, et al. [28]

Accuracy

Data are correct and reflect the truth

Reliability

Data are consistently collected and entered in a standard way across data collectors

Timeliness

Data are current due to routine data entry and available for near real-time reporting

Completeness

There are no missing essential data elements

Precision

Data have necessary detail to address research questions and management requirements

Integrity

Data are secure and protected from bias or manipulation