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Table 1 Trunk exercise program

From: Effectiveness of additional trunk exercises on gait performance: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Position

Exercises on stable surface

Exercise on unstable surface

Supine (25 min)

Selective flexion/extension of the lower trunk

Selective flexion/extension of the lower trunk

Pelvic bridging: lifting pelvis in crook lying with both feet supported

Pelvic bridging: lifting pelvis with lower limbs supported on physio ball

Unilateral pelvic bridging: lifting pelvis in crook lying with one foot supported

Unilateral pelvic bridging: lifting pelvis with one leg supported on physio ball

Pelvic bridging with displacements: lifting pelvis in crook lying and placing pelvis left and right of midline

Pelvic bridging with displacements: lifting pelvis with lower limbs supported on physio ball and place pelvis left and right from midline

Lower trunk rotation: moving the lower limbs from left to right in crook lying

Lower trunk rotation: moving the lower limbs from left to right with legs supported on physio ball

Lower trunk flexion: lifting lower limbs symmetrically to chest in crook lying

Lower trunk flexion: moving the lower limbs symmetrically to chest with lower limbs supported on physio ball

Upper trunk flexion: lifting shoulder girdle symmetrically in crook lying

Upper trunk flexion: lifting shoulder girdle symmetrically with lower limbs supported on physio ball

Upper trunk flexion rotation: lifting shoulder girdle asymmetrically in crook lying

Upper trunk flexion rotation: lifting shoulder girdle asymmetrically with lower limbs supported on physio ball

Lower trunk flexion rotation: lifting lower limbs asymmetrically to chest in crook lying

Lower trunk flexion rotation: moving the lower limbs asymmetrically to chest with lower limbs supported on physio ball

Sitting(30 min)

Selective flexion/extension of the lower trunk

Selective flexion/extension of the lower trunk while seated on physio ball

Selective lengthening and shortening of one side of the trunk

Selective lengthening and shortening of one side of the trunk while seated on physio ball

Upper trunk lateral flexion: initiating movement from the shoulder girdle

External and internal perturbations while seated on physio ball

Lower trunk lateral flexion: initiating movement from the pelvic girdle

Upper trunk lateral flexion: initiating movement from the shoulder girdle while seated on physio ball

Upper trunk rotation: moving each shoulder forward and backwards

Lower trunk lateral flexion: initiating movement from the pelvic girdle while seated on physio ball

Forward reach: reaching the arms out forwards from the trunk

Upper trunk rotation: moving each shoulder forward and backwards while seated on physio ball

Lateral reach: 'reaching the arms out sideways from the trunk

Weight shifting while seated on physio ball

Shuffling forward and backward on hard surface

Forward reach: reaching the arms out forwards from the trunk while seated on physio ball

Lateral reach: reaching the arms out sideways from the trunk while seated on physio ball