Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
---|---|
18 years and older | Pseudo-hyponatremia (serum osmolality >275 mOsm/kg) |
Primary polydipsia (urine osmolality ≤100 mOsm/kg) | |
Glucose-corrected serum sodium >125 mmol/L | |
Initial arterial hypotension (SBP <90 mmHg and MAP <70 mmHg) | |
Glucose-corrected serum sodium ≤125 mmol/L | Anuria or urinary outlet obstruction |
Decompensated LC (LC with ascites or diuretics use or history of hepatic encephalopathy and varices) | |
Bilirubin >2 mg/dL, transaminase levels >2.5 times the upper limit of normal) | |
Symptomatic patients | Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (HbA1C >9%) |
Moderately severe: | Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding |
nausea without vomiting, drowsiness, headache, general weakness, malaise | Within the 3 months prior to randomization, history of cardiac surgery excluding PCA, acute myocardial infarction, sustained ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, acute coronary syndrome, cerebrovascular trauma, and increased intracranial pressure |
Severe: | |
vomiting, stupor, seizures, coma (GCS ≤8) |