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Table 4 Outcome measures (means with standard deviations) in intervention and control arm participants of the NILS feasibility study at baseline, 3 and 6 months after baseline, and end of follow-up (12 months after baseline)

From: A lifestyle intervention among elderly men on active surveillance for non-aggressive prostate cancer: a randomised feasibility study with whole-grain rye and exercise

 

Intervention (n = 14)

Control (n = 7)

Difference between groups (95% CI)

 

Baseline

3 months

6 months

12 monthsa

Baseline

3 months

6 months

12 months

Baseline–6 months

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Difference (95% CI)

Physical fitness

Fat-free mass (kg)

65 (7)

66 (9)

65 (8)

64 (8)

64 (6)

N/A

64 (6)

63 (6)

-0.2 (-1.5, 1.1)

Fat mass (%)

25 (6)

24 (5)

24 (6)

23 (5)

23 (4)

N/A

23 (5)

23 (5)

-0.5 (-2.4, 1.5)

VO2 peak (ml O2/min/kg)

29 (7)

32 (7)b

32 (7)

33 (6)c

26 (5)

N/A

27 (5)

28 (6)d

2.8 (0.1, 5.4)

Cardio-metabolic outcomes

BMI (kg/m2)

26.0 (3.4)

25.8 (3.3)

25.7 (3.4)

25.0 (3.0)

25.6 (2.5)

25.6 (2.9)

25.4 (2.6)

25.4 (2.6)

-0.2 (-0.9, 0.6)

Waist circumference (cm)

102 (15)

99 (14)

100 (13)

95 (10)

98 (6)

N/A

99 (5)

97 (4)

-3 (-7, 1)

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.3 (0.2)

1.3 (0.3)

1.3 (0.2)

1.4 (0.3)

1.3 (0.2)

1.3 (0.1)

1.4 (0.2)

1.5 (0.2)

-0.0 (-0.2, 0.1)

LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.8 (0.7)

2.8 (0.7)

2.7 (0.7)

2.8 (0.6)

2.9 (0.6)

2.8 (0.7)

3.1 (0.7)

3.0 (0.6)

-0.3 (-0.7, 0.0)

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.1 (0.7)

5.1 (0.7)

5.0 (0.8)

5.2 (0.7)

5.3 (0.8)

5.3 (1.0)

5.6 (1.0)

5.6 (0.9)

-0.4 (-0.8, 0.1)

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.3 (0.4)

1.3 (0.4)

1.4 (0.6)

1.3 (0.5)

1.5 (0.6)

1.4 (0.4)

1.3 (0.5)

1.2 (0.3)

0.3 (-0.1, 0.7)

Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)

5.8 (0.6)

5.8 (0.4)

5.8 (0.5)

5.7 (0.4)

6.1 (0.4)

6.1 (0.3)

6.0 (0.2)

5.8 (0.3)

-0.1 (-0.5, 0.3)

Insulin (mmol/L)

11.6 (6.5)

10.2 (6.5)

11.4 (7.7)

8.0 (4.1)

11.8 (6.8)

15.1 (11.9)

9.7 (2.7)

10.2 (8.1)

1.8 (-2.9, 6.5)

Prostate cancer progression

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (ng/ml)

5.4 (1.7)

5.0 (2.5)

5.4 (3.2)

5.4 (2.2)

5.0 (2.2)

4.5 (1.0)

4.9 (1.6)

4.7 (1.1)

0.2 (-2.1, 2.6)

  1. Difference between group means adjusted for baseline level of outcome (95% CI)
  2. SD standard deviation, N/A not applicable (not recorded), VO 2 peak peak oxygen consumption per unit time, BMI body mass index, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein
  3. aEnd of follow-up: n = 12 in intervention group
  4. bn = 13 (one missing due to heart problems)
  5. cn = 11
  6. dn = 6