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1. Bed-based exercises
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Low-grade exercises including knee flexion and extension range of motion (2 × 8 repetitions), quadriceps strengthening (2 × 8 repetitions), hamstring strengthening (2 × 8 repetitions), quadriceps stretching (2 × 5 repetitions), and hamstring stretching (2 × 5 repetitions). Progressions include increasing number of repetitions, changing position, and addition of resistance bands or ankle weights
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Maintain/improve knee range of motion and strength, simulation of kicking/swimming
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2. Getting in/out of bed
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Practice turning from back to side and to sitting. Then stand from sitting. Return to sitting then lying (2 × 5 repetitions). Progression includes bridging then sit to stand
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Practice transferring in and out of bed log rolling, and sit to stand
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3. Balance tasks
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Balanced-based exercises including single leg stance (3 × 30 sec) and wobble board (3 × 30 sec). Progressions including increasing duration and including upper limb actions such as throwing, catching and reaching
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Improve static and dynamic balance. Falls prevention
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4. Stair exercises
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Stepping up and down on stairs of varying height (3 × 8 step-ups). Progression includes using higher step
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Stair ascent and descent
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5. Individualised exercise 1
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Exercise designed specifically for individual patients
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Individual task
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6. Walking exercises
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Walking practice (gait re-education). Progressions including from aided to unaided, side stepping, walking over uneven surfaces, walking carrying objects
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Walking. Falls prevention
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7. Squatting and crouching
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Mini and semi-squats (3 × 8 repetitions). Squats can be performed with the assistance of chairs and gym ball. Progressions including increasing the depth of squat and crouching
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Squatting and crouching down
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8. Cycling
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Static bike (1 min cycling followed by 30 sec rest and then repeat). Progressions include increasing resistance and duration of cycling
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Improve cardiovascular fitness and knee range of motion
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9. Gardening/kneeling
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Replicating digging action using stepper (3 × 8 repetitions) with progression including increasing resistance of stepper. Kneeling onto cushioned or hard surfaces (3 × 8 repetitions) with progression including full kneeling and high kneeling. Activities to desensitise the knee joint such as light pressure using different textures (30–60 sec)
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Improve kneeling ability
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10. Lunges
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Mini lunges (2 × 8 repetitions). Progressions include depth of lunge, lunge walking and lunge to bowling or picking up objects
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Improve knee strength and ability to picking objects up from floor
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11. Individualised exercise 2
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Exercise designed specifically for individual patients
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Individual task
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12. Treadmill/cross-trainer
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Practice straight-line walking. Progressions including increase in speed and incline of treadmill, use of cross-trainer
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Walking on flat and uphill. Jogging
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Improve cardiovascular fitness
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