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Table 1 Revised World Health Organization clinical staging for HIV/AIDS for adults and adolescents with confirmed HIV infection

From: TSCQ study: a randomized, controlled, open-label trial of daily trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or weekly chloroquine among adults on antiretroviral therapy in Malawi: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Clinical stage 2

 • Moderate unexplained weight loss (5–10 % of presumed or measured body weight)

 • Recurrent respiratory tract infections (sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media and pharyngitis)

 • Herpes zoster

 • Angular cheilitis

 • Recurrent oral ulceration

 • Papular pruritic eruptions

 • Seborrhoeic dermatitis

 • Fungal nail infections

Clinical stage 3

 • Unexplained severe weight loss (>10 % of presumed or measured body weight)

 • Unexplained chronic diarrhoea for longer than 1 month

 • Unexplained persistent fever (above 37.5 °C intermittent or constant, for longer than 1 month)

 • Persistent oral candidiasis

 • Oral hairy leukoplakia

 • Pulmonary tuberculosis

 • Severe bacterial infections (e.g., pneumonia, empyema, pyomyositis, bone or joint infection, bacteremia, severe pelvic inflammatory disease)

 • Acute necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis, gingivitis or periodontitis

 • Unexplained anemia (<8 g/dl), neutropenia (<500/mm3) and/or chronic thrombocytopenia (<50,000/mm3)

Clinical stage 4

 • HIV wasting syndrome

 • Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

 • Recurrent severe bacterial pneumonia

 • Chronic herpes simplex infection (orolabial, genital or anorectal of more than 1 month’s duration or visceral at any site)

 • Oesophageal candidiasis (or candidiasis of the trachea, bronchi or lungs)

 • Extrapulmonary tuberculosis

 • Kaposi’s sarcoma

 • Cytomegalovirus infection (retinitis or infection of other organs, excluding liver, spleen or lymph nodes)

 • Central nervous system toxoplasmosis

 • HIV encephalopathy

 • Extrapulmonary cryptococcosis including meningitis

 • Disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection

 • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

 • Candida of trachea, bronchi or lungs

 • Chronic cryptosporidiosis

 • Chronic isosporiasis

 • Disseminated mycosis (histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis)

 • Recurrent septicemia (including nontyphoidal Salmonella)

 • Lymphoma (cerebral or B-cell non-Hodgkin)

 • Invasive cervical carcinoma

 • Atypical disseminated leishmaniasis

 • Symptomatic HIV-associated nephropathy or symptomatic HIV-associated cardiomyopathy