Fig. 1

Study design. We plan to screen ≈ 500 individuals initially by telephone and 200 of these potentially eligible participants in person, to identify ≈ 150 subjects who will fulfill our study criteria, and complete the baseline evaluation. We expect that only ≈ 120 (60 HIV and 60 seronegative) will follow through and be randomized for the training. We also expect that only 85 % (n = 102, 50 HIV, and 52 seronegative) will return for the 1 month follow-up and only 80 % of these (n = 86, 40 HIV, and 42 seronegative) will return to complete the 6-month follow-up evaluations. Furthermore, we expect that ≈ 20 participants who completed the ‘active control’ training will want to continue with the ‘adaptive training’. CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; I/E, inclusion or exclusion; MR, magnetic resonance; SN, seronegative; WM, working memory.