Table 1 Quadriceps strengthening exercises

1. Straight leg raise in supine position, raise leg to 30° of hip flexion using resistance from ankle weights

2. Small arc knee extension with a roll under the knee using resistance from ankle weights

3. Full knee extension in sitting position starting from 90° of knee flexion using resistance from ankle weights

4. Small arc squats (from full extension to 30° of knee flexion) on both legs with a ball placed against a wall using two dumbbells, one in each hand

5. Small arc squats (between 40° and 90° of knee flexion) on both legs with a ball placed against a wall using two dumbbells, one in each hand

6. Step up on a ‘stepper’ (height: 30 cm)