Table 1 Assessment of surgical space condition, according to Martini et al. [11]

1

Extremely poor conditions

The surgeon is unable to work because of coughing or because of the inability to obtain a visible laparoscopic field because of inadequate muscle relaxation. Additional neuromuscular blocking agents must be given

2

Poor conditions

There is a visible laparoscopic field, but the surgeon is severely hampered by inadequate muscle relaxation with continuous muscle contractions, movements, or both with the hazard of tissue damage. Additional neuromuscular blocking agents must be given

3

Acceptable conditions

There is a wide visible laparoscopic field but muscle contractions, movements, or both occur regularly causing some interference with the surgeon’s work. There is the need for additional neuromuscular blocking agents to prevent deterioration

4

Good conditions

There is a wide laparoscopic field with sporadic muscle contractions, movements, or both. There is no immediate need for additional neuromuscular blocking agents unless there is the fear of deterioration

5

Optimal conditions

There is a wide visible laparoscopic working field without any movement or contractions. There is no need for additional neuromuscular blocking agents