Table 1 Complications of manual rotation versus expectant management (data from Shaffer et al.) [12]
Complication | Manual rotation (n = 731) | Expectant (n = 2,527) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
Post-partumhaemorrhage | 22.3% | 33.1% | 0.78 (0.62-0.98) |
3rd and 4th degree tears | 15.7% | 20.1% | 0.64 (0.47-0.88) |
Cervical laceration | 2.2% | 1.0% | 2.46 (1.11-5.44) |
Chorioamnionitis | 8.6% | 14.4% | 0.68 (0.50-0.92) |
Endometritis | 3.6% | 7.2% | 1.25 (0.75-2.10) |
5-minute Apgar score <7 | 1.8% | 3.7% | 0.50 (0.26-0.94) |
Umbilical cord arterial pH <7 | 0.6% | 1.4% | 0.55 (0.15-2.01) |
Base excess < −12 | 3.5% | 3.2% | 1.21 (0.64-2.30) |
Shoulder dystocia | 2.1% | 1.1% | 1.61 (0.73-3.56) |
Birth trauma | 1.09% | 1.23% | 0.50 (0.20-1.26) |