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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of participants by the intervention groups (n = 209)

From: Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual

 

Psychoeducation

Physical exercise

Diabetes re-education

Significance

n

74

66

69

 

Age

57.7 (6.2)

58.5 (4.8)

58.2 (5.6)

0.648

Women

40

37

36

0.867

Education (years)

12.6 (2.4)

12.4 2.3)

12.2 (2.5)

0.623

Professional status

30

27

30

0.502

(% employed)

    

Economic status

13

12

13

0.317

(% poor)

    

Family status

76

72

76

0.488

(% married/cohabitating)

    

Diabetes duration (years)

11.4 (9.1)

12.9 (2.8)

10.5 (6.9)

0.283

Insulin use

32

29

32

0.695

Body mass index kg/m2

30.64 (4.54)

29.44 (4.67)

29.96 (4.39)

0.297

HbA1C (%)

7.4 (1.2)

7.2 (1.1)

7.2 (1.1)

0.384

HbA1C (mmol/mol)

58 (13)

56 (13)

55 (11)

0.442

Cholesterol (mmol/l)

5.3 (1.2)

5.3 (1.1)

5.3 (1.1)

0.903

Depressive symptoms

19.7 (9.1)

20.5 (8.6)

19.7 (8.7)

0.813

(CES-D score)

    

Diabetes distress

37.9 (19.7)

42.6 (20.5)

39.1 (19.6)

0.358

(PAID score)

    

Health-related QoL (SF-12v2)

    

Mental component score

41.9 (7.4)

41.7 (8.3)

41.2 (7.2)

0.872

Physical component score

42.3 (8.7)

43.1 (8.8)

42.7 (9.1)

0.871

Healthy eating

    

Diabetic diet

4.1 (1.5)

3.8 (1.5)

3.4 (1.6)

0.012

Exercise

3.9 (1.8)

3.5 (1.9)

3.4 (1.9)

0.189

Blood glucose self-monitoring

2.9 (1.7)

2.5 (1.9)

2.6 (1.6)

0.401

Foot care

3.9 (2.5)

3.5 (2.9)

3.6 (2.6)

0.666

(SDSCA scores)

2.5 (2.4)

2.4 (2.2)

2.9 (2.5)

0.341

  1. Data are means (SD) or percentages
  2. One-way ANOVA or χ2 as appropriate
  3. CES-D Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale, HbA 1c glycosylated haemoglobin, PAID Problem Areas in Diabetes scale, QoL quality of life, SDSCA SDSCA, Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities, SF-12v2 Version 2 of the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey