Psychoeducation | Physical exercise | Diabetes re-education | Significance | |
---|---|---|---|---|
n | 74 | 66 | 69 | |
Age | 57.7 (6.2) | 58.5 (4.8) | 58.2 (5.6) | 0.648 |
Women | 40 | 37 | 36 | 0.867 |
Education (years) | 12.6 (2.4) | 12.4 2.3) | 12.2 (2.5) | 0.623 |
Professional status | 30 | 27 | 30 | 0.502 |
(% employed) | ||||
Economic status | 13 | 12 | 13 | 0.317 |
(% poor) | ||||
Family status | 76 | 72 | 76 | 0.488 |
(% married/cohabitating) | ||||
Diabetes duration (years) | 11.4 (9.1) | 12.9 (2.8) | 10.5 (6.9) | 0.283 |
Insulin use | 32 | 29 | 32 | 0.695 |
Body mass index kg/m2 | 30.64 (4.54) | 29.44 (4.67) | 29.96 (4.39) | 0.297 |
HbA1C (%) | 7.4 (1.2) | 7.2 (1.1) | 7.2 (1.1) | 0.384 |
HbA1C (mmol/mol) | 58 (13) | 56 (13) | 55 (11) | 0.442 |
Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.3 (1.2) | 5.3 (1.1) | 5.3 (1.1) | 0.903 |
Depressive symptoms | 19.7 (9.1) | 20.5 (8.6) | 19.7 (8.7) | 0.813 |
(CES-D score) | ||||
Diabetes distress | 37.9 (19.7) | 42.6 (20.5) | 39.1 (19.6) | 0.358 |
(PAID score) | ||||
Health-related QoL (SF-12v2) | ||||
Mental component score | 41.9 (7.4) | 41.7 (8.3) | 41.2 (7.2) | 0.872 |
Physical component score | 42.3 (8.7) | 43.1 (8.8) | 42.7 (9.1) | 0.871 |
Healthy eating | ||||
Diabetic diet | 4.1 (1.5) | 3.8 (1.5) | 3.4 (1.6) | 0.012 |
Exercise | 3.9 (1.8) | 3.5 (1.9) | 3.4 (1.9) | 0.189 |
Blood glucose self-monitoring | 2.9 (1.7) | 2.5 (1.9) | 2.6 (1.6) | 0.401 |
Foot care | 3.9 (2.5) | 3.5 (2.9) | 3.6 (2.6) | 0.666 |
(SDSCA scores) | 2.5 (2.4) | 2.4 (2.2) | 2.9 (2.5) | 0.341 |