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Table 3 Facilitators and barriers to involvement through the Support and Assessment for Fall Emergency Referrals (SAFER 2) model

From: Involving older people in a multi-centre randomised trial of a complex intervention in pre-hospital emergency care: implementation of a collaborative model

Facilitators

• Model for multi-level involvement providing structure for flexible approach which adapted to circumstances during the study

• ‘Inreach’ and ‘outreach’ involvement opportunities provided opportunities to suit different service users’ interest and experience

• Research team support enabled implementation of model

• Service user interest and commitment supported involvement across the study

• Site-based researchers facilitated and supported service user involvement

• Financial resources were available to cover involvement costs

Barriers

• Service users’ health and existing commitments limited their availability

• Technical, scientific and timetable requirements in undertaking and delivering research tempered service users’ motivation

• Continuity of involvement due to time between meetings and fluctuating research pace across research stages hindered ability to sustain involvement

• Changes in site researchers and time to recruit qualified replacements reduced resources to support service user involvement leading to involvement gaps at some levels and sites

• Research confidence, skills and competing research duties