• Low back pain, lower limb pain is radiatingly distributed and correlates with the involved PNP as proven by MRI
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• Congenital abnormalities, such as lumbosacral vertebrae crack, spondylolysis and transitional vertebrae, etcetera
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• Two of four possible signs of neurological disorders: muscle atrophy, weakness, paresthesia and change in reflection that appeared in the nerve distribution areas
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• Injury, such as fracture
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• Inflammatory and metabolic diseases, such as tuberculosis, ankylosing spondylitis, or osteoporosis
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• Either straight leg raising test or femoral nerve traction test is positive
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• Degenerative diseases, such as degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis, degenerative lumbar instability, lumbar degenerative scoliosis and lumbar spinal stenosis, etcetera
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• EMG or NCV shows nerve root injury correlated with involved segment
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• MRI image reveals a PNP of a single lumbar segment in accordance with the nerve root irritation signs detected by the examiner
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• Vascular and visceral reflex low back pain, such as digestive system diseases, gynecological diseases, or abdominal aortic aneurysm
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• Tenderness, swelling and thickness of supraspinous ligament could be palpated on the involved segment. Regional and/or radiating tenderness could be irritated by paraspinal palpation
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• Spinal tumors from inside and outside spinal canal, such as large spinal arachnoid cysts, or diabetic peripheral neuropathy
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• Patients receiving oral medication, physical therapy and other modality
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• Participants suffered with acute pain no more than 6 weeks
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• Patients with foot-drop caused by peroneal nerve paralysis
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• NRS score is more than or equal to 6 and ODI score is more than or equal to 40
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• Patients with saddle anesthesia or defecation dysfunction caused by CES
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• Participants must have no prior experience of being treated by FSM (see below)
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• Patients with depression, anxiety and other mental disorders
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• Participants must sign the informed consent
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• Patients with open lumbar surgeries
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