Immune function | Muscle adaptation |
---|---|
Blood measures | Whole body measures |
Antibody response to TDAP vaccine1 | 1-Repetition maximum strength5 |
Pro- and anti-inflammatory T-Cell population balance2 | Thigh cross-sectional area (CT scan) |
Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine levels2 | 6-minute walk and gait speed tests |
Proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells3 | Berg Balance Scale |
C-Reactive Protein5 | Timed Up and Go test |
Muscle tissue measures | Muscle tissue measures |
Change in CD163+ Macrophages2, 5 | Change in satellite cell numbers |
Changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines2 | Change in fiber size |
Growth factor levels4 | Nuclear addition to muscle fibers |
NFkB, PI3 Kinase, FOXO, and STAT3 signaling pathways2 | Â |