Table 1 Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria

Aged 65 years or older

Community-dwelling, including those in sheltered accommodation

Inactive: undertaking less than 150 minutes of moderate, or 75 minutes of vigorous, physical activity per week

Non-disabled at baseline: able to complete a 4-metre walk at a speed of 0.8 m/s or greater, without sitting, leaning, using a walking aid or another person

At risk of subsequent disability: scoring less than 10 out of 12 on the SPPB

Exclusion criteria

Unable to participate in the intervention or study due to speech, language, or sensory problems

Resident in a nursing home

Plans to move out of the area within 6 months of the screening clinic visit or to be away for more than 8 consecutive weeks during this period

Currently participating in an exercise-on-prescription or rehabilitation programme or study

A documented or patient-reported medical condition including but not limited to: severe arthritis; lung disease requiring home oxygen; serious cardiovascular disease; past history of cardiac arrest; implantable cardioverter defibrillator; neuromuscular or musculoskeletal conditions exacerbated by exercise; moderate or severe cognitive impairment or dementia; severe uncontrolled psychiatric illness; multiple falls

Investigator concern about an individual’s safety or ability to adhere to the intervention