Covariates (range) | No interest group n = 534 | Interest without commitment group n = 66 | Commitment without interest group n = 74 | Commitment with interest group n = 309 | Difference among groups ( P-values)* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age group | <0.0001 | ||||
62–74 (%) | 15.1% | 23.1% | 23.1% | 29.3% | |
75–84 (%) | 37.8% | 38.5% | 50.0% | 36.7% | |
85 and above (%) | 47.2% | 38.5% | 26.9% | 34.0% | |
Female (%) | 72.0% | 66.2% | 74.0% | 69.8% | 0.63 |
Married (%) | 61.9% | 62.8% | 59.0% | 55.1% | 0.21 |
Years of education (2–32) | 15.5 (3.0) | 16.4 (3.3) | 16.1 (3.1) | 15.8 (2.9) | 0.03 |
Social activity index (0–27)a | 17.0 (5.7) | 17.7 (5.7) | 17.8 (5.5) | 17.4 (5.5) | 0.42 |
Cognitive activity index (0–45)a | 23.7 (8.9) | 25.2 (10.0) | 25.5 (8.9) | 26.0 (7.9) | 0.001 |
Physical activity index (0–64)a | 9.3 (6.4) | 9.5 (6.2) | 12.3 (7.7) | 11.2 (7.1) | <0.0001 |
Loneliness scale (3-9)b | 3.9 (1.3) | 4.0 (1.4) | 4.0 (1.4) | 4.1 (1.6) | 0.14 |
Self-rated health (% poor versus others) | 2.7% | 1.3% | 2.6% | 4.2% | 0.45 |
Personal computer usagec (% yes) | 63.0% | 82.4% | 74.7% | 85.1% | <0.0001 |