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Muscle strength
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The amount of external force that a muscle can exert
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Muscular endurance
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The ability of muscle groups to exert external force for many repetitions or successive exertions
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Functional alignment
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Lower limb alignment during weight-bearing. A correct functional alignment means that the knee is lined up over the second toe without tending to fall inwards/medially during knee flexion (Figure 2)
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Functional performance test/measures
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A test that challenges muscle strength and postural control or dynamic joint stabilization in the lower extremities and the trunk (for example, various knee bending tests). A physical performance test is a quantitative test (for example, measuring length, number of repetitions, seconds) that evaluates the prerequisite for function
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Closed kinetic chain exercise
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Weight-bearing exercise with distally situated axis of motion and a movement occurring in several joints, and where the distal segment is usually fixed to a supporting surface (for example, a squat)
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Open kinetic chain exercise
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Non weight-bearing exercise, with a proximally situated axis of motion and a movement occurring at a single joint, and where the distal segment is free to move (e.g., extension of the knee in a sitting position)
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