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Patient contact
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Patient information (appropriate design and translation)
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Additional contacts (reminders, newsletters, feedback for patients, and websites)
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Promotion (newsletters, advertisements, presentations, events, press release, and community sessions)
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Patient convenience
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Flexible appointments
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Reducing research burden (shortened assessment scales and online data collection)
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Support for recruiters
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Presentations and training about recruitment issues to recruiting staff
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Presentations and training about retention issues to recruiting staff
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Monitoring and systems
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Recruitment staff reminders (computer pop ups)
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Tracking patients (flagging, contacts for change of address, and collection of multiple contacts)
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Use of existing registers (mail shots and screening notes)
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Reminders (calendars, alert cards, and ongoing contacts with control or wait list participants)
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Reducing burden (randomizing online in real-time, phone number for queries, and simple case report forms)
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Incentives
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Targets (site recruitment targets, feedback, and competition among sites)
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Incentives (gifts for sites, co-authorship for good retention, and monetary incentives)
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Incentives (gifts for sites, co-authorship for good recruiters, and monetary incentives)
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Design
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Relevance of study design
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Options other than complete withdrawal
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Piloting
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Patient and public involvement
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Changing protocol (widening criteria)
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Patient and public involvement
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Resources
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Site resources
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Additional resources (such as networks)
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Human factors
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Relationships (face-to-face initiation visit, regular contact with recruitment staff, site champions, and ongoing relationships between trials)
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Relationship (support for patient between visits, handwriting envelopes, Christmas/birthday cards, and thanking participants)
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