Skip to main content

Table 3 Mean scores and adjusted mean differences on Parenting Stress Index (PSI), main dimensions as reported by fathers in the preterm intervention (PI) and preterm control (PC) group

From: Early intervention program reduces stress in parents of preterms during childhood, a randomized controlled trial

 

Fathers reports

N aPC, PI

PC group mean (SD)

PI group mean (SD

Predicted mean difference, (95% CI)c

P

ESb

TR group mean (SD)

1 year

Child Domain

51,61

96.0 (13.9)

89.3 (15.8)

4.5 (-1.8,10.8)

.2

0.30

89.3 (12.2)

Parent Domain

113.5 (21.2)

105.3 (19.6)

6.6 (-1.4,14.6)

.1

0.33

106.3 (15.3)

Total Stress

209.4 (32.7)

194.6 (33.9)

10.3 (-3.1,23.6)

.1

0.31

195.7 (24.9)

2 years

Child Domain

50,63

92.6 (13.1)

86.2 (16.9)

6.6 (0.4,12.9)

.04

0.43

85.8 (11.3)

Parent Domain

108.4 (17.8)

103.3 (24.6)

5.6 (-2.3,13.6)

.2

0.26

103.8 (16.9)

Total Stress

200.4 (27.2)

189.4 (40.3)

11.7 (-1.6,25.2)

.08

0.33

190.0 (24.9)

3 years

Child Domain

54,61

93.8 (14.8)

86.2 (16.6)

7.6 (1.3,13.8)

.02

0.48

85.9 (12.7)

Parent Domain

105.4 (18.2)

103.7 (23.8)

3.0 (-4.9,11.0)

.5

0.14

102.6 (17.0)

Total Stress

199.9 (31.0)

189.3 (37.5)

10.4 (-3.0,23.7)

.7

0.30

188.7 (27.4)

5 years

Child Domain

53,62

93.9 (20.2)

82.1 (15.6)

9.8 (3.6,16.1)

.002

0.55

85.1 (15.5)

Parent Domain

105.2 (20.7)

98.1 (21.8)

5.3 (-2.7,13.3)

.2

0.25

101.4 (18.8)

Total Stress

199.7 (37.3)

180.4 (34.9)

14.6 (1.3,28.0)

.03

0.41

186.4 (32.1)

7 years

Child Domain

54,55

92.4 (19.9)

87.2 (19.3)

4.7 (-1.6,11.0)

.1

0.24

80.8 (16.2)

Parent Domain

105.2 (21.9)

100.2 (24.6)

4.2 (-3.8,12.2)

.3

0.18

98.7 (18.5)

Total Stress

197.6 (38.5)

186.4 (40.5)

9.0 (-4.4,22.4)

.2

0.23

179.4 (32.6)

9 years

Difficult Child

51,55

21.6 (7.9)

21.3 (8.7)

0.6 (-1.6,2.7)

.6

0.07

18.8 (5.9)

Parental Stress

19.5 (6.4)

20.5 (8.6)

-0.1 (-2.5,2.3)

.9

0.01

18.3 (5.6)

Parent -Child Difficult Interaction

19.0 (5.6)

18.6 (6.0)

0.5 (-1.5,2.5)

.6

0.09

16.4 (4.5)

Total Stress

60.1 (17.6)

60.3 (21.3)

1.0 (-4.7,6.7)

.7

0.05

53.5 (14.9)

  1. aNumber of reports from mothers in the PC and PI group.
  2. bEffect size, Hedges’ g, based on predicted mean differences.
  3. cAnalyzed with linear mixed models (LMM), adjusted for repeated measures and clustering effects of twin pairs.
  4. ES, effect size; TR, term control group.
Back to article page

Trials

ISSN: 1745-6215