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Table 2 Mean scores and predicted mean differences in Parenting Stress Index (PSI) main dimensions as reported by mothers in the preterm intervention (PI) and preterm control (PC) groups

From: Early intervention program reduces stress in parents of preterms during childhood, a randomized controlled trial

  

N aPC, PI

PC group mean (SD)

PI group mean (SD

Predicted mean difference, (95% CI)c

P

ESb

TR group mean (SD)

6 months

Child Domain

68,72

94.3 (15.4)

88.1 (14.6)

5.1 (-1.0,11..2)

.1

0.34

84.3 (13.3)

Parent Domain

116.9 (20.8)

108.9 (19.3)

5.3 (-2.2,12.7)

.2

0.26

110.4 (20.3)

Total Stress

211.6 (34.3)

195.8 (30.2)

9.6 (-2.9,22.1)

.1

0.30

194.8 (30.6)

1 year

Child Domain

68,71

92.3 (14.6)

87.6 (17.8)

4.3 (-1.8,10.4)

.2

0.26

86.2 (15.4)

Parent Domain

116.7 (20.3)

107.9 (20.6)

7.9 (0.5,15.3)

.04

0.39

110.1 (20.5)

Total Stress

208.9 (32.6)

195.5 (35.5)

12.9 (0.5,25.2)

.04

0.39

195.3 (33.0)

2 years

Child Domain

60,68

93.5 (16.3)

84.2 (16.1)

9.8 (3.5,16.0)

.002

0.60

82.3 (15.2)

Parent Domain

116.2 (18.9)

107.1 (19.6)

9.1 (1.6,16.6)

.04

0.47

107.2 (21.7)

Total Stress

210.0 (30.8)

191.6 (33.1)

19.1 (6.5,31.6)

.003

0.60

189.7 (34.8)

3 years

Child Domain

66,69

95.3 (19.7)

84.2 (16.3)

10.5 (4.4,16.7)

.001

0.58

82.3 (14.9)

Parent Domain

115.3 (21.4)

107.2 (20.6)

8.1 (0.6,15.6)

.04

0.39

105.0 (18.0)

Total Stress

210.6 (37.8)

191.7 (33.6)

18.4 (6.0,30.7)

.004

0.52

187.1 (31.1)

5 years

Child Domain

63,67

97.1 (22.1)

82.3 (19.2)

12.9 (6.8,19.1)

< .0005

0.62

80.3 (15.1)

Parent Domain

115.9 (23.4)

104.8 (21.8)

8.4 (0.9,15.9)

.03

0.37

105.9 (21.7)

Total Stress

213.0 (39.9)

186.8 (37.9)

21.8 (9.5,34.2)

.001

0.56

185.8 (33.8)

7 years

Child Domain

63,67

94.0 (21.0)

82.7 (19.1)

9.7 (3.6,15.9)

.002

0.48

77.7 (15.2)

Parent Domain

113.9 (23.2)

105.8 (22.8)

5.7 (-1.9,13.3)

.1

0.25

103.7 (24.3)

Total Stress

207.9 (39.8)

188.8 (38.6)

15.8 (3.4,28.2)

.01

0.40

181.2 (37.5)

9 years

Difficult Child

61,67

25.4 (9.1)

21.3 (8.9)

3.9 (1.6,6.1)

.001

0.43

19.1 (5.4)

Parental Stress

21.4 (7.1)

19.0 (6.0)

2.1 (-0.1,4.3)

.06

0.32

19.1 (6.5)

Parent-Child Difficult Interaction

20.3 (5.7)

17.6 (5.6)

2.4 (0.6,4.3)

.01

0.42

16.4 (4.4)

Total Stress

67.0 (19.6)

57.9 (17.9)

8.3 (3.0,13.6)

.002

0.44

54.7 (14.9)

  1. aNumber of reports from mothers in the PC and PI groups.
  2. bEffect size, Hedges’ g, based on predicted mean differences.
  3. cAnalyzed with linear mixed models (LMM), adjusted for repeated measures and clustering effects of twin pairs.
  4. ES, effect size.