Table 1 Summary and timing of measures
Baseline | Post-PND programme | Post-HUGS/ Playtime | 6-month follow-up | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal measures | ||||
Socio-demographics: marital status, education, occupation, ethnicity, income, number of children, depression history, child health. | ✓ | |||
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale[60]: 10-items to screen for probable depression. | ✓ | |||
Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories[63]: 21 items measuring depression/anxiety symptoms. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders[62]: this diagnostic interview was developed to assess major Axis I disorders using nomenclature derived from the DSM-IV. Mood disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, and psychotic screening modules will be included. | ✓ | |||
Programme evaluation: questions asking about participants’ satisfaction with treatment. | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Services accessed: questions asking about services participants have accessed since joining the study. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Mother-infant measures | ||||
Parenting Stress Index[64]: 101-items measuring dysfunctional parenting, 13 subscales including attachment and self-efficacy. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Parent-child Early Relational Assessment[65]: observational measure to assess the quality of the mother-child relationship. Videotaped sessions of unstructured play (10 minutes). Consists of mother, child and dyadic scales. Rated by a blinded trained observer. Used in over 200 studies. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Infant/Caregiver Behavioural Measure (Milgrom and Burn, unpublished data): videotaped sessions described above will also be scored by a blinded trained observer using this measure, which includes maternal, infant and interactional behaviours. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire[66]: the 12-item Impaired Bonding subscale will be used to detect mother-infant relationship problems. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Infant measures | ||||
Short Temperament Scale for Infants/Toddlers[67, 68]: 30 items assessing temperament. Includes subscales reflecting difficult infant behaviours (irritability, cooperation/manageability). Normative data available for Australian children. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Ages & Stages Questionnaire[69]: assesses early developmental milestones in five domains (communication, gross motor and fine motor skills, problem-solving, and personal-social skills). | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Ages & Stages Questionnaire Social-Emotional[70]: assesses infants’ social and emotional behaviour. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |