Therapy
|
Risk of side effects
|
---|
Motor complications
|
Other side effects
|
---|
Adjuvant therapy for early PD
| | |
Levodopa
|
↑**
|
↑***
|
Dopamine agonists
|
↓
|
↑
|
MAO-B inhibitors
|
↓
|
↑
|
β-adrenergic antagonists
|
Lack of evidence
|
Amantadine
|
Lack of evidence
|
Anticholinergics
|
Lack of evidence
|
Modified-release levodopa
|
↑
|
↑
|
Adjuvant therapy for late PD
| | |
Dopamine agonists
|
↓
|
↑
|
MAO-B inhibitors
|
↓
|
↑
|
COMT inhibitors
|
↓
|
↑
|
Amantadine
|
↓
|
↑
|
Apomorphine
|
↓
|
↑
|
Modified-release levodopa
|
↓
|
↑
|
-
a
Adapted from National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) [9].
bCOMT, Catechol-O-methyltransferase; MAO-B, Monoamine oxidase B; PD, Parkinson’s disease. ↑** Evidence of increased motor complications/other adverse events. ↓*** Evidence of reduced motor complications/other adverse events.