Smartphone- and internet-assisted self-management and adherence tools to manage Parkinson’s disease (SMART-PD): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (v7; 15 August 2014)

Table 1 Current available pharmacological treatment and side effects for early and late Parkinson’s disease ^a,b

Therapy	Risk of side effects
Therapy	*Motor complications*	*Other side effects*
Adjuvant therapy for early PD
Levodopa	↑**	↑***
Dopamine agonists	↓	↑
MAO-B inhibitors	↓	↑
β-adrenergic antagonists	Lack of evidence
Amantadine	Lack of evidence
Anticholinergics	Lack of evidence
Modified-release levodopa	↑	↑
Adjuvant therapy for late PD
Dopamine agonists	↓	↑
MAO-B inhibitors	↓	↑
COMT inhibitors	↓	↑
Amantadine	↓	↑
Apomorphine	↓	↑
Modified-release levodopa	↓	↑

^a Adapted from National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) [9]. ^bCOMT, Catechol-O-methyltransferase; MAO-B, Monoamine oxidase B; PD, Parkinson’s disease. ↑** Evidence of increased motor complications/other adverse events. ↓*** Evidence of reduced motor complications/other adverse events.

ISSN: 1745-6215