| Sham device | LIPUS | Total |
---|---|---|---|
(n = 28) | (n = 23) | (n = 51) | |
Age (years), mean (SD) | 39.6 (13.6) | 39.0 (13.6) | 39.3 (13.5) |
Females, n(%) | 7 (25.0) | 5 (21.7) | 12 (23.5) |
Mechanism of injury, n(%) | Â | Â | Â |
MVA, driver or passenger | 4 (14.3) | 1 (4.3) | 5 (9.8) |
MVA, pedestrian | 1 (3.6) | 1 (4.3) | 2 (3.9) |
Motorcycle accident | 3 (10.7) | 4 (17.4) | 7 (13.7) |
Crush injury | 3 (10.7) | 4 (17.4) | 7 (13.7) |
Fall | 10 (35.7) | 9 (39.1) | 19 (37.3) |
Twist | 1 (3.6) | 1 (4.3) | 2 (3.9) |
Direct trauma, blunt | 2 (7.1) | 2 (8.7) | 4 (7.8) |
Recreational vehicle injury | 3 (10.7) | 1 (4.3) | 4 (7.8) |
Hockey injury | 1 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) |
Diabetic, n(%) | 1 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) |
Current smoker, n(%) | 10 (35.7) | 6 (26.1) | 16 (31.4) |
Type of fracture, n(%) | Â | Â | Â |
Open | 9 (32.1) | 5 (21.7) | 14 (27.5) |
Closed | 19 (67.9) | 18 (78.3) | 37 (72.5) |
AO Class, n(%) | Â | Â | Â |
A | 13 (46.4) | 11 (47.8) | 24 (47.1) |
B | 9 (32.1) | 6 (26.1) | 15 (29.4) |
C | 6 (21.4) | 6 (26.1) | 12 (23.5) |
Any comorbidity1, n(%) | 3 (10.7) | 1 (4.3) | 4 (7.8) |
Post-surgical fracture gap, n(%) | Â | Â | Â |
Any gap (restricted to ≤1 cm) | 6 (21.4) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (11.8) |
No gap | 22 (78.6) | 23 (100.0) | 45 (88.2) |
Fracture-at-risk2, n(%) | 21 (75.0) | 12 (52.2) | 33 (64.7) |