Table 1 Outcome measures used in the WELLFOCUS study
WELLFOCUS model component | Measure | Rater | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|
Distal outcome | |||
Personal well-being | WEMWBS | Patient | Measures overall well-being, i.e., enhanced sense of self |
Proximal outcomes | |||
Good feelings | Savouring Beliefs Inventory | Patient | Assesses pleasure in the past present and future, which is a form of good feeling addressed in the intervention |
PPTI positive emotions | Patient | Assesses enjoyment and happiness, which is a form of good feeling addressed in the intervention | |
Symptom relief | Short Depression-Happiness Scale | Patient | Measures the reduction of depression, which is an intended outcome of PPT |
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale | Researcher | Measures general symptom severity including psychosis-specific symptoms | |
CORE10 | Patient | Measures general symptom severity | |
Connectedness | PPTI relationships | Patient | Measures the presence of supportive relationships as a form of connectedness addressed in the intervention |
Hope | Integrative Hope Scale | Patient | Measures hope, which is an indicator of well-being |
Self-worth | Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale | Patient | Measures self-worth, which is an indicator of well-being |
Empowerment | Rogers Empowerment Scale | Patient | Measures empowerment, which is an indicator of well-being |
Meaning | Sense of Coherence Scale | Patient | Measures meaning, which is an indicator of well-being |
PPTI meaning | Provides a PPT-specific measure of meaning | ||
Other outcomes | |||
Quality of Life | Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life | Patient | Quality of life is a form of well-being measure, allowing triangulation with the WEMWBS |
Social disability | Health of the Nation Outcome Scale | Researcher | To give opportunity to compare changes in well-being with social disability |
Functioning | Global Assessment Functioning | Researcher | To give opportunity to compare changes in well-being with functioning |