| PREPARE trial | Dettling[15] | Agrelli[29] | Hulzebos[13] | Savci[30] | Dronkers[16] | Barbalho-Moulim[31] | Kulkarni[32] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study population | Esophageal resection | Esophageal resection | Esophageal resection | Cardiac surgery | Cardiac surgery | Upper abdominal surgery | Open bariatric surgery | Major abdominal surgery |
Number of (anticipated) included patients | (248) | 83 | 20 | 279 | 43 | 20 | 22 | 80 |
Sample size calculation | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Randomization | Individual | - | - | Individual | Individual | Individual | Individual | Individual |
Control group without IMT | + | + | - | + | + | + | + | + |
Pilot-study | - | + | + | - | - | + | - | + |
Blinding | Primary and secondary outcomes | - | - | Primary outcome | - | Primary outcome | - | - |
Multicenter | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Stratification | Center and surgical technique | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Pulmonary risk stratification | - | - | - | + | - | + | - | - |
Intervention | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Duration of preoperative IMT | 2-6 weeks | 2 weeks | 4 weeks | > 2 weeks | 5 days | > 2 weeks | 2-4 weeks | 2 weeks |
Supervised training sessions | 1 | 1/week | 1/week | 1/week | 5 sessions | 1/week | 1/week | 1/week |
High intensity program (≥ 60% MIP) | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Outcome | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
PPCs | + | + | - | + | - | + | - | - |
Respiratory muscle function (pre-/postoperative) | +/+ | +/+ | +/− | +/− | +/+ | +/− | +/+ | +/+ |
Lung function (pre-/postoperative) | +/+ | −/− | +/− | −/− | +/+ | −/− | +/+ | +/+ |