Table 1 Eligibility screening
Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria | |
|---|---|---|
Baseline 1 | Age 18 to 65 years | Pregnancy |
LBP with or without leg pain for more than 30 days during the past year | Chiropractic treatment less than 3 months ago | |
Previous episodes | Completely subsidized treatment from third party payer | |
Access to a mobile phone | Serious pathology (i.e., acute trauma, cancer, infection, cauda equina, osteoporosis, vertebral fractures) or contraindications to manual therapy | |
Ability to send and receive SMS (text messages) | ||
Baseline 2 | Self-rated “definitely improved” by the fourth treatment | Self-rated improvement being anything but “definitely improved” by the fourth treatment |
Study start | Interval between treatments is one month or more | Interval between treatments never extends to one month |