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Table 2 Pre-swallow, swallow and post-swallow sound parameters used in CFE + CA

From: Cervical auscultation in the diagnosis of oropharyngeal aspiration in children: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Pre-swallow

Swallow

Post-swallow

Normal breathing [54]

Crisp and clear ‘distinct’ [56]

Normal breathing [54]

Wet breathing [5, 54]

Quick [54]

Wet breathing [5, 54]

Rattly chest

Loud

Rattly chest

Grunting

Initial discrete sound (IDS) [32, 55, 57]

Grunting

Crackles

Bolus transit sound (BTS) [32, 55, 57]

Crackles

Stridor

Final discrete sound (FDS) [32, 57]

Stridor

Wheeze

Glottal release sound (GRS) [55]

Wheeze

Throat clearing

Coordinated

Throat clearing

Coughing [1214]

Uncoordinated

Coughing [1214]