Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Age between 20 and 75 years

History of kidney transplantation

Type 2 diabetes using a glucose-lowering agent or insulin

Advanced congestive heart failure (≥ NYHA class III)

Estimated GFR by the IDMS MDRD equation ≥30 ml/min/1.73 m²

Uncontrolled arrhythmia

More than two UACR ≥30 mg/g or UPCR ≥ 300 mg/g in the most recent 6 months

Advanced liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class C)

Blood pressure ≤140/90 mmHg without any additional antihypertensive medications in the most recent 3 months

History of bleeding diathesis

Active infection or uncontrolled inflammatory disorders

History of cerebrovascular accident or myocardial infarction

Current use of an anticoagulant

Current use of more than two antiplatelet agents

Advanced malignancy (life expectancy ≤6 months)

Uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1C >10%)

Severe anemia (hemoglobin <8.0 g/dL)

Pregnancy or lactation

Genetic disease including galactose intolerance, lactose deficiency, and glucose-galactose malabsorption