Table 2 Mean (SD) outcome scores and ANCOVA-adjusted estimates of mean (95% confidence interval) differences between groups
Outcome | Outcome score | ANCOVA-adjusted estimates of the effects | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Real debridement | Sham debridement | Difference between groups | t statistic | P |
(n= 41) | (n= 39) | (95% confidence interval)a | |||
Primary outcome: | |||||
Reduction in pain (mm on a visual analogue scale) | |||||
Baseline | 54.6 (21.0) | 47.3 (20.8) | Â | Â | Â |
Immediately post-intervention | 16.0 (16.4) | 19.7 (19.1) | -6.0 (-13.6 to 1.7) | -1.555 | 0.124 |
1-week post-intervention | 12.7 (12.9) | 19.1 (23.4) | -7.2 (-15.6 to 1.3) | -1.685 | 0.096 |
3-weeks post-intervention | 24.8 (20.0) | 29.4 (26.7) | -6.3 (-16.7 to 4.1) | -1.213 | 0.229 |
6-weeks post-intervention | 38.7 (31.4) | 36.7 (30.6) | -2.2 (-15.0 to 10.5) | -0.347 | 0.730 |
Secondary outcomes: | |||||
Reduction in pain (mm on a visual analogue scale) | |||||
Baseline | 54.6 (21.0) | 47.3 (20.8) | Â | Â | Â |
2-weeks post-intervention | 16.9 (16.4) | 23.0 (21.0) | -7.0 (-15.4 to 1.4) | -1.651 | 0.103 |
4-weeks post-intervention | 31.4 (24.1) | 35.8 (29.0) | -6.8 (-18.3 to 4.8) | -1.166 | 0.247 |
5-weeks post-intervention | 40.7 (28.9) | 38.1 (31.1) | -0.4 (-13.3 to 12.6) | -0.059 | 0.953 |
Peak plantar pressure (kg/cm2) | |||||
Baseline | 2.2 (0.5) | 2.4 (0.4) | Â | Â | Â |
Immediately post-intervention | 2.2 (0.5) | 2.4 (0.4) | 0.0 (-0.1 to 0.0) | -1.091 | 0.279 |
6-weeks post-intervention | 2.2 (0.5) | 2.4 (0.4) | 0.0 (-0.1 to 0.1) | 0.106 | 0.916 |
Physical performance: | |||||
Maximum balance range (cm) | |||||
Baseline | 12.0 (4.1) | 11.1 (2.8) | Â | Â | Â |
Immediately post-intervention | 12.3 (3.4) | 11.5 (3.6) | 0.0 (-0.8 to 0.9) | 0.082 | 0.935 |
6-weeks post-intervention | 12.5 (3.4) | 11.9 (2.8) | 0.0 (-0.9 to 0.9) | -0.095 | 0.924 |
Timed sit-to-stand test (s) | |||||
Baseline | 14.2 (4.6) | 14.5 (4.6) | Â | Â | Â |
Immediately post-intervention | 13.1 (3.7) | 12.9 (3.5) | 0.3 (-0.6 to 1.3) | 0.725 | 0.470 |
6-weeks post-intervention | 12.7 (3.0) | 12.6 (3.5) | 0.2 (-0.8 to 1.3) | 0.475 | 0.636 |
Timed alternate step test (s) | |||||
Baseline | 13.7 (4.4) | 13.5 (3.8) | Â | Â | Â |
Immediately post-intervention | 12.4 (2.9) | 12.4 (2.9) | -0.2 (-0.9 to 0.5) | -0.659 | 0.512 |
6-weeks post-intervention | 12.4 (3.1) | 12.4 (3.4) | -0.1 (-1.1 to 0.8) | -0.248 | 0.805 |
6-m walking test (s) | |||||
Baseline | 6.1 (1.6) | 6.7 (1.6) | Â | Â | Â |
Immediately post-intervention | 5.7 (1.3) | 6.1 (1.3) | -0.1 (-0.3 to 0.1) | -0.687 | 0.494 |
6-weeks post-intervention | 5.8 (1.3) | 6.3 (1.6) | -0.1 (-0.5 to 0.2) | -0.821 | 0.414 |