Table 3 Baseline intervention - Trial 2 (Individual) *
Benefit-finding | Psychoeducation | Simplified psychoeducation | |
|---|---|---|---|
Session 1 (week 1) | 1. Introduce basic knowledge of dementia | 1. Introduce basic knowledge of dementia | 1. Introduce basic knowledge of dementia |
2. Introduce BPSD and possible causes | 2. Introduce BPSD and possible causes | 2. Introduce BPSD and possible causes | |
3. Introduce ways to cope with and manage BPSD | 3. Introduce ways to cope with and manage BPSD | 3. Introduce ways to cope with and manage BPSD | |
4. Use ‘emotional thermometer’ to help them understand their emotional reactions in different situations | 4. Introduce home-based activities for CR (for example, cognitive stimulation, multisensory stimulation, reminiscence) | 4. Introduce home-based activities for CR (for example, cognitive stimulation, multisensory stimulation, reminiscence) | |
5. Introduce effects of cognition on emotion and behavior | 5. Use case study to illustrate behavioral management | ||
6. Introduce the diary task of benefit finding | |||
Session 2 (week 3) | 1. Repeat Session 1 on behavioral management and positive reappraisal with different BPSD; additional examples and case study are presented | 1. Introduce caring skills for ADL I - bathing, dressing, and incontinence, and so on | 1. Introduce caring skills for ADL I - bathing, dressing, and incontinence, and so on |
2. Introduce home-based activities for CR (for example, cognitive stimulation, multisensory stimulation, reminiscence) | 2. Transfer and support techniques with practice | 2. Demonstrate transfer and support techniques without practice | |
3. Use case study to illustrate behavioral management and emotion-focused coping, with particular emphasis on positive reappraisals | 3. Introduce caring skills for ADL II - taking medications, use of telephone, housework, and so on | 3. Introduce caring skills for ADL II - taking medications, use of telephone, housework, and so on | |
4. Introduce and practice positive reappraisal; mutual sharing of benefits | 4. Additional examples and case study are presented | ||
5. Reflect on motivations to provide care | |||
6. Discuss communication skills with CR, with illustrations | |||
7. Sharing by child caregiver on caregiving experience and benefits to self | |||
8. Home environment | |||
Session 3 (week 5) | 1. Introduce caring skills for ADL I - bathing, dressing, and incontinence, and so on | 1. Discuss communication skills with CR, with illustration | 1. Discuss communication skills with CR, with illustration |
2. Transfer and support techniques with practice | 2. Home environment | 2. Home environment | |
3. Practice positive reappraisal; mutual sharing of benefits | 3. Introduce timetabling and activity planning | 3. Introduce timetabling and activity planning | |
4. Sharing by child-in-law caregiver on caregiving experience and benefits to self | |||
5. Introduce caring skills for ADL II - taking medications, use of telephone, housework, and so on | |||
6. Introduce timetabling and activity planning | |||
7. Community resources | |||
Session 4 (week 7) | 1. Introduce concepts and skills in stress management | 1. Introduce concepts and skills in stress management | 1. Introduce concepts and skills in stress management |
2. Acceptance of caregiving role | 2. Balance between self-care and caregiving responsibilities | 2. Balance between self-care and caregiving responsibilities | |
3. Balance between self-care and caregiving responsibilities | 3. Introduce importance of mutual support | 3. Introduce importance of mutual support | |
4. Introduce importance of mutual support | 4. Relaxation exercise | 4. Introduce relaxation without practice | |
5. Overview of things learned | 5. Community resources | 5. Community resources | |
6. Relaxation exercise | |||
7. Sharing by spouse caregiver on caregiving experience and benefits to self | |||
8. Set goals for improvement in coming year, with particular reference to areas where perceived benefits are still lacking |