From: Oral nutrition or water loading before hip replacement surgery; a randomized clinical trial
Parameter | Fasting | Water | Nutrition |
---|---|---|---|
Physical stress | Â | Â | Â |
Serum cortisol (nmol/L) | Â | Â | Â |
 Day 1 | 447 (161–620) | 253 (118–544) | 376 (222–553) |
Urine cortisol/creatinine | Â | Â | Â |
 Day 1 to Day 2 | 40 (15–99) | 41 (18–54) | 41 (27–54) |
 Day 2 to Day 3 | 20 (7–38) | 20 (8–33) | 26 (14–34) |
Muscle catabolism | Â | Â | Â |
Urine methylhistidine/ creatinine | Â | Â | Â |
 Day 1 to Day 2 | 18.0 (2.0) | 17.3 (2.6) | 17.5 (2.7) |
 Day 2 to Day 3 | 19.3 (2.8) | 18.1 (2.7) | 18.6 (3.1) |
Body fluid volumes | Â | Â | Â |
ECF volume change (%) | Â | Â | Â |
 Day 0 to Day 2 | −1 (4) | 0 (6) | −2 (5) |
 Day 0 to Day 3 | 0 (6) | +1 (6) | −2 (6) |
ICF volume change (%) | Â | Â | Â |
 Day 0-Day 2 | +9 (22) | −2 (10) | +6 (11) |
 Day 0-Day 3 | −1 (10) | +3 (23) | +8 (22) |
TBW volume change (%) | Â | Â | Â |
 Day 0 to Day 2 | +3 (8) | −1 (5) | +2 (5) |
 Day 0 to Day 3 | −1 (5) | +2 (10) | +2 (9) |