Table 2 Trials of acute haemodynamic response to biventricular pacing.

Breithardt [26], 2003.

Acute effects of CRT on MR in systolic heart failure.

N = 24

EF ≤ 30%

LBBB

Reduction in MR and improvement in dP/dT with BiV, p < 0.0001.

Leclerq [27], 1998.

Acute haemodynamic effects of BiV in patients with end-stage heart failure.

N = 18

NYHA ≥ 3

QRS ≥ 120

Increase in cardiac index BiV pacing v AAI, p < 0.001.

Aurrichio [28], 1999.

Effect of pacing chamber and AV delay on acute systolic function of paced patients with heart failure.

N = 27

NYHA ≥ 3

LBBB

Improvement in LV dP/dT with BiV pacing v DDD(RV) pacing, p < 0.01.

Kass [29], 1999.

Improved LV mechanics from acute VDD pacing in patients with DCM and conduction delay.

N = 18

QRS ≥ 120

Improvement in LV dP/dT with BiV pacing v AAI, p < 0.05.