Diagnostic category | Enteral feeding formulation |
---|---|
Major elective surgery, trauma, burns, headand neck cancer, and critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation (being cautious in patients with severe sepsis) | Immune-modulating enteral formulations (arginine, glutamine, nucleic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants). Grade A (surgical) Grade B (medical). |
Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome | Enteral formulation characterized by an anti-inflammatory lipid profile (that is, omega-3 fish oils, borage oil) and antioxidants (grade A). |
All critically ill patients receiving specialized nutrition therapy | Antioxidant vitamins (including vitamins E and ascorbic acid) and trace minerals (specifically including selenium, zinc and copper). |
Burn, trauma, and mixed ICU patients | Enteral glutamine to an enteral nutrition regimen. |
Pulmonary failure | High-lipid low carbohydrate formulations are not recommended. Fluid-restricted calorically dense formulations should be considered. |
Renal failure | Standard enteral formulations and standard ICU recommendations for protein and calorie. |