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Table 3 Example of minimization (adapted from Scott et al. 2002 )[46]

From: Allocation techniques for balance at baseline in cluster randomized trials: a methodological review

Covariate

Intervention

Control

Baseline rate

High

2

2

Moderate

2

3

Low

1

1

Covariate rate

High

2

3

Moderate

3

1

Low

1

1

  1. Allocation of seventh patient with high baseline rate and moderate covariate rate.
  2. Marginal totals if allocated to intervention group:
  3. Baseline: |(2 + 1) - 2| = 1; Covariate: |(3 + 1) - 1| = 3; 1 + 3 = 4.
  4. Marginal totals if allocated to control group:
  5. Baseline: |2 - (2 + 1)| = 1; Covariate: |3 - (1 + 1)| = 1; 1 + 1 = 2.
  6. Therefore, patient allocated to control because 2 < 4.
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