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Table 4 Summary of Greenhouse Gas emissions by trial activity for the CRASH-1 and CRASH-2 trials

From: Reducing the environmental impact of trials: a comparison of the carbon footprint of the CRASH-1 and CRASH-2 clinical trials

Source of Emissions

CRASH-1

(tonnes of C02 equivalents/yr)

CRASH-2

(tonnes of C02 equivalents/yr)

Percentage difference

in emissions (%)

Electricity

29.0

23.0

-21

Natural Gas

13.0

9.7

-25

Heating Oil

7.6

5.9

-23

Steam

0.2

0.1

-50

Water

0.3

0.2

-33

Waste

4.5

0.6

-87

Coordination centre total

54.6

39.5

-28

Train travel

0.7

0.2

-71

Air travel

28.0

29.0

+3

Accommodation

8.6

1.9

-78

Trial related travel total

37.3

31.1

-17

Commuting-Train

0.7

1.0

+43

Commuting- Bus

1.3

0.4

-69

Commuting- Underground

1.4

2.0

+43

Trial team commuting total

3.4

3.4

0.0

Freight deliveries- Diesel vans

5.0

5.2

+4.0

Freight deliveries- Air freight

81.0

29.0

-64

Freight delivery total

86.0

34.2

-60

Total Trial Emissions

181.3

108.2

40