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Table 2 Initial RoPE Variables of Interest

From: The Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (RoPE) Study: Developing risk models for application to ongoing randomized trials of percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure for cryptogenic stroke

Variable Type

Variable

Clinical

Age

 

Gender

 

Race

 

History of the following (prior to index stroke)

 

   Migraines

 

   Hypertension

 

   Diabetes

 

   Prior cerebral ischemia

 

   Coronary artery disease

 

   Obesity

 

   Hypercholesterolemia

 

   Smoking status

 

   Antithrombotic medications

 

   Deep vein thrombosis

 

   Pulmonary Embolism

 

   Hypercoagulable states

 

Antithrombotic medications after index event

 

Outcome: National Institutes of Health Stroke Severity Score

Echocardiographic

Hypermobility of interatrial septum ("ASA")

 

Interatrial shunting at rest (e.g. not during Valsalva maneuvers)

 

Volume of interatrial shunt (e.g. max. bubbles in left atrium)

 

Anatomical PFO size

 

Spontaneous Doppler flow seen on color

Radiological

MRI/CT findings of cerebral infarct: yes/no (at index stroke)

 

Number of prior cerebral infarcts

 

Anatomical location of index and prior infarct(s)