Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

-Unilateral dislocated midshaft clavicular fracture

-Age < 18 years or > 65 years

-No medical contraindications to general anaesthesia

-Multitrauma patients

-Provided informed consent

-Open fracture

-Pathological fracture

-Fracture > 1 month old

-Neurovascular disorders

-Glasgow Coma Scale <12 (moderate to severe head injury)

-Inability to comply with follow-up (for example due to an inability to read or complete forms)

-Pre-existing shoulder pathology in affected side (rotator cuff lesion, acromioclavicular pathology or previous shoulder surgery)