Intracluster correlation coefficients and coefficients of variation for perinatal outcomes from five cluster-randomised controlled trials in low and middle-income countries: results and methodological implications

Christina Pagel; Audrey Prost; Sonia Lewycka; Sushmita Das; Tim Colbourn; Rajendra Mahapatra; Kishwar Azad; Anthony Costello; David Osrin

doi:10.1186/1745-6215-12-151

Table 1 Characteristics of studies used, prevalence, and rates, for key perinatal indicators from 5 community-based cluster RCTs

From: Intracluster correlation coefficients and coefficients of variation for perinatal outcomes from five cluster-randomised controlled trials in low and middle-income countries: results and methodological implications

Project Country	Perinatal Care Project Rural Bangladesh	Ekjut Rural India	City Initiative for Newborn Health Urban India	MaiMwana Malawi	MaiKhanda* Malawi
Study location	Three districts: Bogra, Maulvibazaar and Faridpur	Three districts of Jharkhand and Orissa: Keonjhar, West Singhbhum and Saraikela	Mumbai municipality	Mchinji district	Three districts: Lilongwe, Salima and Kasungu
Period for which data are included	1^st Feb 2005 - 31^st Dec 2007	1^st July 2005 - 30^th June 2008	1^st October 2005 - 30^th September 2008	1^st January 2005 - 31^st January 2009 (study is ongoing)	1^st July 2008 - 31st July 2010 (study is ongoing)
Estimated population	478 000	228 000	280 000	180 000	312 000
Design	Two-by-two factorial cluster RCT	Cluster RCT	Cluster RCT	Two-by-two factorial cluster RCT	Two-by-two factorial cluster RCT
Stratification	By district (3 strata)	By district (3 strata)	By municipal ward (6 strata)	None	None
Cluster characteristics	Villages making up a union	8-10 village with residents classified as tribal or OBC	1000-1500 households in slum areas	Aggregated villages and group village headman areas	Aggregated villages and group village headman areas in the catchment area of one Health Centre/Dispensary
Total number of clusters (Number included in this study)**	18 (5)	36 (18)	48 (24)	48 (12)	76 (30)
Annual births per cluster: Mean (SD)	587 (123)	171 (38)	131 (61)	139 (25)	143 (61)
Mean cluster population (SD, min, max)	27953 (5953, 15441-35110)	6338 (2101, 3605-7467)	5865 (1077, 4310-7750)	3958 (404, 3068-4645)	3934 (1332, 2121-8558)
Crude birth rate***	20.8	28.1	22.3	35.1	35.0

* MaiKhanda data are provisional as verification of deaths and follow-up of missing women are still ongoing.
**These are 'pure' control clusters. In the case of factorial designs, none of the interventions tested was being implemented in these clusters.
*** Number of live births per 1000 population during study period. We chose to use population estimates at the mid-point of trials as the denominator.

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