Table 4 Some baseline characteristics of participants in the control and intervention groups (p-value for difference by group).
| Â | Characteristic | Control (mean) | Intervention (mean) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Child | Age (yr) | 9.84 | 9.85 | 0.92 |
| Â | BMI z-score | 2.00 | 2.05 | 0.52 |
| Â | Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.36 |
| Â | % body fat | 36.2 | 36.3 | 0.90 |
| Â | Pubertal stage (1-5 scale) | 2.28 | 2.17 | 0.54 |
| Â | Fasting HbA1c (%) | 5.18 | 5.14 | 0.44 |
| Â | Fasting HOMA-IR | 2.49 | 2.51 | 0.94 |
| Â | Fasting ISI-FFA | 0.43 | 0.42 | 0.72 |
| Â | Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1829 | 1887 | 0.53 |
| Â | Fat intake (g/day) | 75.2 | 73.0 | 0.62 |
| Â | Carbohydrate intake (g/day) | 220 | 245 | 0.04 |
| Â | Protein intake (g/day) | 71.5 | 67.9 | 0.38 |
| Â | Whole grains intake (servings/day) | 0.70 | 0.73 | 0.77 |
| Â | Fruit & vegetable intake (servings/day) | 2.06 | 2.38 | 0.10 |
| Â | Dairy intake (servings/day) | 1.27 | 1.21 | 0.59 |
| Â | Nutrition knowledge (1-22 scale) | 9.63 | 9.96 | 0.25 |
| Â | Food preferences (7-25 scale) | 16.0 | 16.3 | 0.32 |
| Â | Snack habits (1-5 scale) | 2.41 | 2.45 | 0.76 |
| Â | Fitness (ml O2/min/kg body wt) | 41.8 | 43.8 | 0.26 |
| Â | Moderate- & high-intensity physical activity (min/day) | 89.7 | 104.4 | 0.31 |
| Â | Global self-worth (1-4 scale) | 2.98 | 3.04 | 0.55 |
| Â | Athletic competence (1-4 scale) | 2.76 | 2.82 | 0.47 |
Family or Adult | Age of adult responder (yr) | 37.1 | 38.5 | 0.30 |
| Â | SEI (4-12 range) | 8.42 | 8.29 | 0.59 |
| Â | Family History of T2DM (0-2 scale) | 0.13 | 0.20 | 0.18 |
| Â | Intrauterine risk for T2DM (0-2 scale) | 0.34 | 0.32 | 0.82 |
| Â | Food habits (7-36 scale) | 21.9 | 23.0 | 0.04 |
| Â | Physical activity habits (3-15 scale) | 11.7 | 12.2 | 0.28 |
| Â | Family Cohesion (1-4 scale) | 3.47 | 3.45 | 0.81 |
| Â | Family Conflict (1-4 scale) | 0.94 | 0.85 | 0.38 |