Table 2 Exclusion Criteria

Low back pain has lasted < 3 months

Low back pain not chronic

TI

Bothersomeness of pain score of < 3

Back pain too mild to be able to detect improvement

TI

Abdominal Aneurism

Back pain due to, or possibly result of, specific

A

Cancer, metastatic

disease/condition

A, TI

Discitis

A

Disk disease

A

Fracture of vertebra

A, TI

Infectious cause of back pain

TI

Pregnancy

TI

Scoliosis, severe or progressive

A, TI

Spinal stenosis

A, TI

Spondylolisthesis

A, TI

Sciatica

Back problem of complicated nature, including medico-legal issues

TI

Seeking/receiving compensation/litigation for back pain

TI

Surgery, previous back, ever

TI

Blindness

Condition might make it difficult to attend the classes or practice at home

A

Deafness

A

Major Depression

IPE

No CD player for using home practice CDs

TI

Paralysis

A

Psychoses, major

A, TI

Schedules do not permit participation in classes or home practice (including planning to move out of town)

TI

Severe pain when bending or twisting spine

TI

Unable to walk two city blocks

TI

Unable to get up and down from floor

TI

Vision problems, severe

TI

Hearing problems, severe

TI

Lack of transportation

TI

Fibromyalgia, severe

Condition/circumstance might confound treatment

TI

Rheumatoid arthritis/Anklyosing spondylitis

effects or interpretation of data

A, TI

Other disabling chronic conditions (e.g., disabling heart or lung disease, diabetic neuropathy, receiving treatment for hepatitis)

TI

Planning on seeing a health care provider other than primary care provider for low back pain

TI

Dementia

Condition would make it difficult for fully informed consent

A

Unable to read or speak English

TI

Currently using exercise classes or yoga for back pain or has used one in past year; practiced yoga for any reason within past 3 months

Possible bias due to current or recent intervention users

TI