Table 1 Demographic, disease-related and psychological characteristics of the patients from the intervention and the control groups

Age (yrs)

55 (51–62)

58 (53–64)

-1.1

0.27

Female (%)

64

84

0.11

Education (yrs)

12 (8–14)

11 (8–11)

2.52

0.01**

Diabetes duration (yrs)

10 (3–14.5)

10.5 (4.5–13.5)

-0.51

0.61

Body mass index (kg/m ² )

30.8 (26.7–35.8)

30.9 (27.9–30.4)

0.25

0.80

HbA1C (%)

7.5 (6.4–8.3)

7.7 (6.6–8.9)

-0.42

0.68

PHQ-9 (score)

13 (11–18)

13 (11–15)

0.23

0.81

CES-D (score)

26 (22–30)

24 (18–35)

1.03

0.31

PAID (total score)

51 (33–60)

45 (25–58)

0.91

0.36

   Negative emotions

56 (33–67)

48 (21–63)

0.86

0.40

   Treatment

33 (17–50)

33 (17–50)

-0,23

0.82

   Food

42 (33–75)

58 (33–75)

-0.03

0.98

   Social support

38 (13–63)

13 (0–50)

1.49

0.14

SDSCA-diet

4 (3–6)

4 (3–6)

0.07

0.94

   -specific diet

3.5 (2–5.5)

5.5 (3.5–7)

-2.11

0.03*

   -exercise

3.25 (1.5–5)

3 (1–3.5)

0.75

0.43

   -blood glucose monitoring

7 (0.75–5.25)

6.5 (0.5–7)

0.69

0.49

   -foot care

3.5 (0–7)

2.5 (0–7)

0.51

0.61

SF – General health

25 (0–25)

25 (0–50)

-0.06

0.95

   Physical functioning

37.5 (25–50)

17 (0–37.5)

2.36

0.02*

   Role physical

50 (25–62.75)

50 (31.25–62.5)

0.08

0.94

   Role emotional

50 (50–50)

50 (32–62.5)

-0.30

0.77

   Bodily pain

50 (25–62.5)

25 (25–75)

-0.05

0.96

   Mental health

38 (25–50)

38 (25–50)

-0.45

0.65

   Vitality

25 (25–50)

50 (25–50)

-1.22

0.22

   Social functioning

37.5 (25–50)

50 (25–75)

-1.78

0.07