A phase II clinical trial to assess the safety of clonidine in acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics according to randomized treatment with clonidine.

	Dosing Level
	Placebo	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	P Value
	n = 12	n = 12	n = 12	n = 12†
Males	10 (83%)	11 (91%)	10 (83%)	9 (75%)	0.75
Age (years)*	32 (23–47)	31 (26–38)	26 (22–34)	37 (31–46)	0.2
Amount of poison ingested (mL)*	60 (50–100)	55 (50–100)	50 (30–80)	80 (35–100)	0.64
Time to admission after ingestion (hrs)*	3.5 (3–6)	5(1–7)	4 (3–7)	3 (3–3)	0.58
Time to start clonidine from ingestion (hrs)*	6 (3–7)	6 (4–9)	6(5–8)	5 (4–5)	0.41
Direct admission	4 (33%)	5 (42%)	4 (33%)	5 (42%)	0.95
Alcohol ingestion	5(42%)	2(17%)	4(33%)	6(50%)	0.28
Co-Morbid Illness^€	0 (0%)	2(17%)	1(8%)	2(17%)	0.59
Pralidoxime used	4 (33%)	7 (58%)	5 (42%)	2 (17%)	0.25
Pesticide:
Chlorpyrifos	7 (58%)	3(25%)	4 (33%)	0 (0%)	0.018 ^£
Dimethoate	0 (0%)	1 (8%)	1 (8%)	7 (58%)	0.001 ^¥
Others^≠	5 (42%)	8 (67%)	7(58%)	5 (42%)

Data are number (%) unless otherwise indicated. *Median (IQR).). †One patient died after randomization before receiving clonidine. Comparisons between the three groups were made using a Kruskal-Wallis. ^£P < 0.05 by Kruskal-Wallis with post hoc Dunn's test between level 1 and placebo. ^¥P < 0.05 by Kruskal-Wallis with post hoc Dunn's test between level 3 and placebo. ^€Co-morbid illness included cardiac, pulmonary, psychiatric, neurologic and undiagnosed disorders. ^≠Diazinon, Phenthoate, Profenophos, Monocrotophos, Fenthion, Quinalphos.

ISSN: 1745-6215