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Table 1 Criteria, which have been recommended by various authors in order to define patients in whom early definitive osteosynthesis might be disadvantageous: Variables not validated.

From: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial on risk adapted damage control orthopedic surgery of femur shaft fractures in multiple trauma patients

Author (year)[Reference]

Suggested dependent variable

Trentz (1978) [10]

Cardiopulmonary, coagulation and metabolic criteria

Sturm (1984) [11]

Thoracic trauma

Seibel (1985) [12]

Oxygen transport, coagulation

Burchardi (1990) [13]

Circulation, coagulation

Van Os (1994) [14]

Cardiovascular condition

Reynolds (1995) [15]

Resuscitation, additional injuries (head, chest, pelvic fracture), delay

Friedl (1996) [16]

ISS

Scalea (2000) [17]

Physiology, additional injuries (head, thorax, abdomen)

Rixen (2001) [24]

Prognostic factors: Age, ISS, GCS, BE, coagulation

Pape (2001) [18]

ISS, additional injuries (thorax, abdomen, pelvis), cardiopulmonary criteria, coagulation, temperature, IL-6, „borderline patients“

Kutscha-Lissberg (2001) [19]

Circulation, volume loss, coagulation

Brundage (2002) [20]

Hemodynamics, preoperative resuscitation

  1. ISS: Injury Severity Score; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; BE: Base Excess; IL-6: Interleukin 6