Table 3 Data of effect modification for continuous clinical outcomes
Outcome Study | Genotype | N (ACE) | Baseline | Follow up | Mean (SD) ACE inhibitor | N (Control) | Baseline | Follow up | Mean (SD) Control group | Mean difference (estimated SD) | Overall effect (weighted mean and SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reduction in ACE activity (U/I) | |||||||||||
Van Geel [22] | DD | 8 | 31† | 25† | 6.29 (11.20) | 12 | 27† | 35† | -7.82 (11.22) | 14.11 (11.2) | 9.84 (0.83) |
DI | 23 | 25.5† | 22† | 3.14 (10.31) | 20 | 23† | 20† | -6.76 (10.28) | 9.9 (10.3) | ||
II | 11 | 18† | 13† | 4.61 (7.73) | 12 | 18† | 20† | -1.42 (3.98)) | 6.03 (6.1) | ||
Reduction in end-systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | |||||||||||
Perna [24] | DD | 42 | 147.8 (19.1) | 139.8 (15.1) | 8.8 (14.58) | 45 | 146 (17.7) | 142.8 (13.9) | 3.2 (10.68) | 5.6 (12.8) | 3.1 (12.8) |
DI | 47 | 145.1 (18.9) | 139 (17.5) | 6.1 (13.88) | 52 | 146.5 (17.2) | 143.2 (12.72) | 3.3 (12.45) | 2.8 (13.08) | ||
II | 16 | 145.1 (18.4) | 139.7 (17.8) | 5.4 (11.29) | 10 | 153.2 (15.9) | 144 (14.7) | 9.2 (11.75) | -3.8 (11.85) | ||
Reduction in end-diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | |||||||||||
Perna [24] | DD | 42 | 89.9 (11) | 86.2 (6.9) | 3.8 (8.76) | 45 | 88.6 (10.2) | 87.4 (7.6) | 1.2 (6.42) | 2.6 (7.8) | 1.4 (9.1) |
DI | 47 | 88.9 (13.9) | 86.1 (9.64) | 2.8 (12.10) | 52 | 90.6 (12.6) | 88.6 (8.86) | 2.0 (9.7) | 0.8 (10.9) | ||
II | 16 | 90.8 (11.6) | 85.3 (5.8) | 4.9 (7.61) | 10 | 97.5 (6.1) | 92.1 (6.25) | 5.4 (5.67) | -0.5 (7.0) | ||
Reduction of proteinuria (g/24 h) | |||||||||||
Perna [24] | DD | 42 | 2.85 (1.69) | 2.28 (1.5) | 0.57 (1.18) | 45 | 2.8 (1.7) | 2.73 (1.4) | 0.07 (1.10) | 0.5 (1.1) | 0.33 (1.2) |
DI | 47 | 3.3 (2.2) | 2.97 (1.97) | 0.51 (1.31) | 52 | 3.8 (2.5) | 3.65 (1.9) | 0.15 (1.20) | 0.36 (1.2) | ||
II | 16 | 3.45 (2.37) | 3.41 (3.3) | 0.05 (1.57) | 10 | 3.4 (1.7) | 3.08 (0.32) | 0.32 (1.15) | -0.37 (1.4) | ||
Decline of glomerular filtration rate (per months) | |||||||||||
Perna [24] | DD | 42 | 44.2 (19.1) | n.a. | -0.28 (0.46) | 45 | 40.2 (17) | n.a. | -0.43 (0.63) | 0.15 (0.54) | 0.08 (0.63) |
DI | 47 | 45.3 (20.7) | n.a. | -0.48 (0.83) | 52 | 40.6 (17.1) | n.a. | -0.52 (0.68) | 0.04 (0.75) | ||
II | 16 | 47.3 (23.5) | n.a. | -0.38 (0.41) | 10 | 47.8 (20.5) | n.a. | -0.37 (0.53) | -0.01 (0.43) | ||
Albumin excretion rate(μg/min) | |||||||||||
Penno [23] | DD | 71 | 8.1* | 17.1† | 9.00† | 66 | 8.1* | 17.2† | 9.78† | -0.78 | -7.33 |
DI | 154 | 7.6* | 17.4† | 9.80† | 142 | 7.6* | 19.1† | 11.5† | -1.70 | ||
II | 29 | 9.2* | 16.2† | 7.00† | 48 | 9.2* | 24.3† | 15.11† | -8.11 | ||
Net gain (mm) | |||||||||||
Okamura [21] | DD | 9 | 0.64 (0.27) | 1.09 (0.66)) | 0.45 (0.23) | 7 | 0.49 (0.27) | 1.64 (0.96) | 1.16 (0.26) | -0.71 (0.2) | 0.03 (0.28) |
DI | 13 | 0.58 (0.32) | 1.62 (0.79) | 1.04 (0.24) | 13 | 0.53 (0.18) | 1.42 (0.97) | 0.89 (0.26) | 0.15 (0.3) | ||
II | 10 | 0.55 (0.25) | 1.82 (0.69) | 1.27 (0.21) | 26 | 0.65 (0.16) | 1.42 (0.54) | 0.77 (0.18) | 0.5 (0.2) | ||
Late Loss (mm) | |||||||||||
Okamura [21] | DD | 9 | 2.43 (0.54) | 1.09 (0.66)) | 1.34 (0.23) | 7 | 2.46 (0.57) | 1.64 (0.96) | 0.82 (0.24) | -0.52 (0.67) | 0.15 (0.74) |
DI | 13 | 2.58 (0.55) | 1.62 (0.79) | 0.96 (0.21) | 13 | 2.32 (0.49) | 1.42 (0.97) | 0.90 (0.23) | -0.06 (0.79) | ||
I24I | 10 | 2.44 (0.51) | 1.82 (0.69) | 0.62 (0.16) | 26 | 2.65 (0.25) | 1.42 (0.54) | 1.23 (0.16) | 0.61 (0.75) | ||
Loss index (% at follow up) | |||||||||||
Okamura [21] | DD | 9 | n.a. | n.a. | 0.78 (0.13) | 7 | n.a. | n.a. | 0.42 (0.12) | -0.36 (0.36) | 0.03 (0.39) |
DI | 13 | n.a. | n.a. | 0.53 (0.12) | 13 | n.a. | n.a. | 0.49 (0.13) | -0.04 (0.45) | ||
II | 10 | n.a. | n.a. | 0.38 (0.09) | 26 | n.a. | n.a. | 0.63 (0.08) | 0.25 (0.37) | ||
Diameter stenosis | |||||||||||
Okamura [21] | DD | 9 | n.a. | n.a. | 57.4 (23.4) | 7 | n.a. | n.a. | 40.08 (26.4) | -0.17 (0.25) | 0.03 (0.39) |
DI | 13 | n.a. | n.a. | 43.8 (25.2) | 13 | n.a. | n.a. | 45.1 (33.9) | 0.01 (0.30) | ||
II | 10 | n.a. | n.a. | 34.3 (19.9) | 26 | n.a. | n.a. | 48.2 (30.6) | 0.14 (0.28) |