Table 2 Primary and secondary endpoints of the cRCT
Primary endpoint | |
Heart rate | Definition: Heartbeats per minute Functional form: Continuous Measurement: Omron portable automated sphygmomanometers and smartwatch (in a subset of the cRCT population) |
Secondary endpoints | |
Air temperature | Definition: Ambient air temperature (in °C) Functional form: Continuous Measurement: DS1923 iButton Hygrochron heat and humidity measurement device |
Relative humidity | Definition: Ratio of the amount of water vapor present in the air to the greatest amount possible at the same temperature (in %) Functional form: Continuous Measurement: DS1923 iButton Hygrochron heat and humidity measurement device |
Heat index | Definition: Index that combines air temperature and relative humidity (using the formulae endorsed by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)) Functional form: Continuous Measurement: DS1923 iButton Hygrochron heat and humidity measurement device |
Indoor thermal comfort | Definition: Current heat experience measured using heat strain score index. A score of < 13.5 indicates no or low heat strain, between 13.6–18 indicates potential for heat-induced illness, and > 18 indicates the onset of heat-induced illness Functional form: Categorical Measurement: Heat strain score index scale comprising 18 questions answered by individuals at the time of interview |
Systolic blood pressure | Definition: Systolic blood pressure in mmHg Functional form: Continuous Measurement: Omron portable automated sphygmomanometers |
Diastolic blood pressure | Definition: Diastolic blood pressure in mmHg Functional form: Continuous Measurement: Omron portable automated sphygmomanometers |
Body temperature | Definition: Body temperature Functional form: Continuous Measurement: Inner ear thermometer |
Dehydration | Definition: Loss of fluid greater than intake amount resulting in the body being unable to carry out its normal functions Functional form: Categorical Measurement: Urine hydration chart and question answered by individual |
Blood glucose (HbA1c) | Definition: Average blood glucose measured over 3 months Functional form: Continuous Measurement: HemoCue® HbA1c 501 System to capture estimated average glucose (g/L) |
Sleep | Definition: Number of hours slept and number of times the individual woke up Functional form: Count Measurement: Recall question answered by individual and smartwatch (in a subset of the cRCT population) |
Cognition | Definition: The mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension Functional form: Continuous Measurement: Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS)-Plus (assessing memory, language, visual-spatial ability, and executive functioning domains) |
Depression | Definition: Self-reported depression. Each response category of “not at all,” “several days,” “more than half the days,” and “nearly every day” is assigned a score of 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The total score is calculated by adding together the scores for the nine questions. The final scores of 0–4, 5–9, 10–14, 15–19, and 20–27 are the ranges for none, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe, respectively Functional form: Categorical Measurement: Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) to screen and monitor depression |
Aggression | Definition: Self-reported aggression. Responses to 12 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale are summed up as a measure of aggression. Higher scores indicate higher aggressive behavior. The module can generate four subscales: physical aggression (items 1, 4, 8), verbal aggression (items 2, 5, 9), anger (items 6, 10, 12), and hostility (items 3, 7, 11). The score for each scale is the sum of the ratings for its items Functional form: Categorical Measurement: Short Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) |
Clinic utilization | Definition: Clinic utilization in the past 3 months Functional form: Count Measurement: Recall question answered by individual |
Hospitalization | Definition: Hospitalization in the past 12 months Functional form: Count Measurement: Recall question answered by individual |
Children’s educational attainment | Definition: Highest school grade completed Functional form: Count Measurement: Question answered by household proxy respondent |
Household consumption expenditures | Definition: Amount (XOF) spent on monthly expenditures Functional form: Continuous Measurement: Locally validated set of questions covering a comprehensive spectrum of expenditure categories in rural Burkina Faso, answered by household proxy respondent |
Food crop harvest | Definition: Harvest weight per field surface (yield) in tons/m2 Functional form: Count measurement Measurement: Remote sensing (Sentinel-2 satellite, validated against weighed crops in 2019) |
Farmers’ movement | Definition: Work pattern of the farmers during their fieldwork Functional form: Continuous Measurement: Portable GPS device |
Mosquito count | Definition: Number of mosquitos in the light trap (collected at 0600 h) and aspirator (collected at 0900 h) over defined night cycles Functional form: Count Measurement: CDC miniature light trap, aspirator |
Life satisfaction | Definition: Overall life satisfaction level of an individual on a scale from 1 to 10 Functional form: categorical Measurement: Recall question answered by individual |
Food consumption score (FCS) | Definition: Type and frequency of food intake over 7 days prior to the survey. The number of days a food item is consumed during the last 7 days before the survey is multiplied by a specific weight for the food group: starch staples (2), pulses (3), vegetables (1), fruits (1), fats (0.5), sugars (0.5), meat/fish/eggs (4), milk/dairy (4), and condiments (0). For each household, this leads to a score ranging from 0 to 112 Functional form: count Measurement: Recall question answered by female respondents |