CCT application | Group of tasks | Explanation | Key function | Cognitive domain (DSM-5) |
---|---|---|---|---|
individualised CCT | Finding targets (‘Punkte sammeln’) | For a set of pop-up pictures, participants must click on target pictures before they disappear | Sustained attention | Complex attention |
Applying rules (‘Regel anwenden’) | Select the winner or loser of a rock-paper-scissors game (either hand signs or in written form); if the game is presented as hand signs, the participant has to pick the winner; if presented with words, the loser has to be picked; this exercise has a time limit, depending on the difficulty | Mental/cognitive flexibility | Executive function | |
Layer sorting (‘Ebenen sortieren’) | A target picture of a vase with flowers is presented; the participant has to reproduce the picture out of layers; easiest: background–foreground, up to 5 layers with distractors | Visuoconstructional reasoning | Perceptual-motor | |
Jigsaw puzzle (‘Bild zusammensetzen’) | Sorting of image sections | Visuoconstructional reasoning | Perceptual-motor | |
Fill in the gaps (‘Felder füllen’) | A grid has to be filled in according to rules; each symbol is used only once in every row, column, and block; layout 4×4 to 9×9 fields | Working memory | Executive functions | |
Remember cards (‘Karten merken’) | Remember a row of (up to 5) cards; compare new card to 5th to last card | Working memory | Executive functions | |
Find pairs (‘Paare finden’) | Finding pairs of images in a pool; images covered; each turn two cards can be turned | Visuo-spatial memory | Perceptual-motor | |
Spot the difference (‘Unterschied erkennen’) | A set of x identical pictures is presented, after a blank, the set and 1 extra pictures are presented; the extra picture has to be selected | Visual perception | Perceptual-motor | |
Pattern recognition (‘Schema erkennen’) | A matrix of elements (combination of concentric geometrical figures) is presented; in one row or column, a figure is presented in the same position in all elements; the row/column has to be found; for small difficulties, hints are given | Decision-making | Executive functions | |
Word conversion (‘Wörter umwandeln’) | Convert a source word to a target word in x steps; in each step, only 1 letter can be exchanged, and each line must contain a word | Word finding | Language | |
basic CCT | Rotating picture puzzle (‘Drehpuzzle’) | Picture is sectioned; sections are rotated; sections have to be turned in the right direction | Visuoconstructional reasoning | Perceptual-motor |
Picture quiz (‘Bilder quiz’) | Multiple-choice questions about images | Semantic and autobiographical long-term memory | Learning and memory | |
Geography quiz (‘Länderspiel’) | Knowledge quiz based on German federal states | Semantic and autobiographical long-term memory | Learning and memory | |
Dice game (‘Würfelpoker’) | Scoring points in a dice game by rolling five dice to make certain combinations (similar to Yahtzee), playing against a computer | Planning | Executive functions | |
Shut the box (‘Klappbox’) | Roll two dice and count the number of dots on each die, sums or differences can be used; the aim is to get all numbers from 1 to 9 once; a player loses when a throw does not derive a new number | Planning | Executive functions |