Table 3 Behaviors proposed at the bedside

Being attentive

• Observe signs of pain (grimacing, avoiding movements, breathing short, and fast)

• Report these observations to the nurse responsible for the patient

• Check the proper use of hearing or visual aid if applicable

• Be attentive to the signs associated with delirium (e.g., a person who does not know where she is, who sleeps a lot)

• Observe signs of delirium such as agitation (a person who tries to pull out tubing)

• Adopt a calm attitude in case of agitation

Maintain contact with the patient

• Speak in short, simple sentences

• Use closed questions

• Repeat information as necessary

• Reduce distractions

• Avoid confrontation

• Validate patient’s expressed emotions

Be a reassuring presence and support

• Provide stimulating activities when appropriate (sit down for meals, breathing exercises)

• Be present or call every day

• After delirium: talk about the experience with the patient